Skip to Main Content
* UC Irvine access only

Business: Ratios, Averages, and Benchmarks

Your comprehensive station for UCI's business research content and beyond!
URL: https://guides.lib.uci.edu/business

Public Company Ratios Industry Ratios (Averages)
 

S&P Capital IQ
Access: UCI - Authorized Affiliates
Geography: Global
Downloadable public company ratios and valuation multiples, going back several years.  Data available in both quarterly and annual increments.  

 

​Value Line
Access: UCI
Geography: US
​Research and recommendations on approximately 1,700 stocks, including ratios used for valuation.  

 

IBISWorld
Access: UCI
Geography: US
Industry ratios, organized by NAICS code in the US Industry Reports, are available for the current year and the last three years.  

 

Key Business Ratios
Access: UCI
Geography: US
Data from Dun & Bradstreet.  Industry ratios organized by SIC code, available from the last four years.

Tip: What if I can't find a ratio?

Hundreds of ratios exist to describe all nuances of a company's activity. 
Databases usually only feature a couple dozen of the most popular ratios. 
You may need to manually calculate a ratio if you don't see it in a database's ratio list. 

Try the eBook Business Ratios and Formulas: A Comprehensive Guide to find formulas. 


About Ratios, Averages, and Benchmarks


Financial Ratios
A ratio is calculated from two or more figures, usually taken from the financial statements of a company, in order to provide an indication of the financial performance and position of that company. Ratios may be expressed:

  • as a percentage (e.g. return on capital employed)
  • in days (e.g. debtor collection period)
  • as a multiple (e.g. rate of turnover)

Ratios may also be calculated over a period, so as  to enable an analysis of trends to be formulated, or compared to other similar companies or industry averages.

Sources: 
A Dictionary of Accounting- "Financial Statement Analysis"
A Dictionary of Business and Management- "Accounting Ratio"

 

Other Ratios
Every department in every business produces some kind of information that can be used by its manager to measure performance. This information may be related to operational considerations within the department, the financial condition of the entire company, or the performance of a company's suppliers and customers. 

Source: Business Ratios and Formulas:  A Comprehensive Guide

 

The words Ratios, Averages, and Benchmarks are sometimes used interchangeably. 

  • Benchmarks: basically, the practice of comparing your company's performance against the average performance of competitors in the same industry
  • Averages: basically, the data that results from the averaging (i.e. calculating the mean), of any given ratio(s), across multiple companies operating in the same industry
  • If you know the averages for your industry, you can benchmark your company's own ratios against your competition. 
     

Return to the top of the page.

 Box title- Access Answers 

What can I access? 


Access is generally available to all users. Registration or account creation might be required to access.

For commercial websites, the UCI Libraries do not offer premium memberships or subscriptions.

 


Access is available to all users ON the UCI campus and at GML.

OFF campus access requires Authorized Affiliates to log into the VPN with their active UCInetID and password. Authorized Affiliates are users with an active UCInetID and password, i.e. current UCI students, faculty, and staff.

 


Access requires an active UCInetID and password.

Authorized Affiliates are users with an active UCInetID and password, i.e. current UCI students, faculty, and staff.

 


These resources are not licensed by the UCI Libraries, but librarians occasionally promote them when they are relevant for certain types of research.

Access is available only for Authorized Affiliates, who are also affiliated with the Paul Merage School of Business.

 

The resources are limited to select UCI populations, based on the user’s status, e.g. current UCI Faculty or PhD students. Please refer to the UCI Libraries for access instructions.

Examples for why content may be limited include: a vendor set restrictions on who may access their information; alternatively, information may be sensitive, identifying, or embargoed;

 

How do I access? 
-  Students
-  Employees
-  Alumni
-  Visitors

New browser window icon.Am I on the UCI network?
Test my UCI connection.

New browser window icon.Am I responsibly using
what I access?
Typically acceptable vs. unacceptable use.
Subjects: Business