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What can I access? 


Access is generally available to all people. Registration or account creation might be required to access.

For commercial websites, the UC Irvine Libraries do not offer premium memberships or subscriptions.

 


Access is available to all people ON the UC Irvine campus and at GML.

OFF campus access requires Authorized Affiliates to log into the VPN with their active UCInetID and password. Authorized Affiliates are people with an active UCInetID and password, i.e., current UC Irvine students and employees.

 


Access requires an active UCInetID and password.

Authorized Affiliates are people with an active UCInetID and password, i.e., current UC Irvine students and employees.

 


These resources are not licensed by the UC Irvine Libraries, but librarians occasionally promote them when they are relevant for certain types of research.

Access is available only for Authorized Affiliates, who are also affiliated with the Paul Merage School of Business.

 

The resources are limited to select UC Irvine populations, based on a person’s status, e.g., current UC Irvine Faculty or PhD students. Please refer to the UC Irvine Libraries for access instructions.

Examples for why content may be limited include: a vendor set restrictions on who may access their information; alternatively, information may be sensitive, identifying, or embargoed.

 

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Test my connection.

How do I access the UC Irvine network? 
-  Students
-  Employees
-  Alumni
-  Visitors

Am I responsibly using
what I access?
Typically acceptable vs. unacceptable use.

What style should I use?


In behavioral and social sciences APA Style, the American Psychological Association, is the primary style.  (If your instructor wants you to use something else, follow their guidance).  Key elements:

  • Requires: 1) parenthetical in-text citations and 2) a separate "References" page.  
     
  • A reference usually has four components: 1) Author/Analyst, 2) Publication date, 3) Title(s), and 4) Where to access.  They are each separated by a period.  Here's how it looks:
    • Author Last Name, First Initial.  (Date).  Title of Information.  Title of Source.  Retrieval info.  
       
  • A reference might also have a format description [in brackets] if you're not citing a 'traditional' text format, like books and articles.  Here's how it looks:
    • Author Last Name, First Initial.  (Date).  Title of Information [format].  Title of Source.  Retrieval info.  

Example: Business Reports


Business reports is a fuzzy, imperfect term.  We're referring to reports that are produced by commercial research firms, consulting firms, banks, or trade groups.

  • Examples: industry research; market research; analyst reports (from investment banks)


Known Author or Analyst:
Le, T. (2020, May). Gym, health & fitness clubs in the US. IBISWorld. https://my.ibisworld.com/us/en/industry/71394

  • In-Text Parenthetical Citation: (Le, 2020)
  • In-Text Narrative Citation: Thi Le (2020), writing for the market research firm IBISWorld, predicts that...


Ortega, M. (2022). Pet supplies - US. Mintel. https://reports.mintel.com/display/1102889

  • In-Text Parenthetical Citation: (Ortega, 2022)
  • In-Text Narrative Citation: Ortega (2022), writing for the market research firm Mintel, predicts that...

 

Unknown Author or Analyst:
Euromonitor International. (2020, March). Retailing in New Zealand. Passport. http://www.lib.uci.edu/online/euromonitor/

  • In-Text Parenthetical Citation: (Euromonitor International, 2020)
  • In-Text Narrative Citation: The market research firm Euromonitor International (2020), estimates online retailing will...
  • Tip:  Need to cite two Euromonitor reports from the same year?  Here's how to manage a twin citation.

Example: Company Profiles


Standard & Poor's. (n.d.). Netflix, Inc. [Company profile]. Capital IQ. https://www.capitaliq.com/CIQDotNet/company.aspx?companyId=32012

  • In-Text Parenthetical Citation: (Standard & Poor's, n.d.)
  • In-Text Narrative Citation: In the Netflix, Inc. company profile, Standard & Poor's (n.d.) reports...
     

PitchBook Data. (n.d.). Airbnb [Company profile]. https://my.pitchbook.com/profile/51261-67/company/profile

  • In-Text Parenthetical Citation: (PitchBook Data, n.d.)
  • In-Text Narrative Citation: In the Airbnb company profile, PitchBook Data (n.d.) reports...

Example: List of Companies


Because this source would have no official title, put in [square brackets] a narrative description of the criteria that you used to generate the list of companies:  

PitchBook Data. (n.d.). [List of VC-backed biotechnology companies in California with a minimum revenue of $10 million, as of 9/30/2023]. https://my.pitchbook.com

  • In-Text Parenthetical Citation: (PitchBook Data, n.d.)
  • In-Text Narrative Citation: According to PitchBook Data (n.d.), 19 companies...

Example: News or Scholarly Articles


News Article
Ansberry, C. (2020, August 31). An Alzheimer’s quest: Enrolling more black people in clinical trials. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/an-alzheimers-quest-enrolling-more-black-people-in-clinical-trials-11598891561

  • In-Text Parenthetical Citation: (Ansberry, 2020)
  • In-Text Narrative Citation: In the Wall Street Journal, Clare Ansberry (2020) reported on how...


Scholarly Article
Galloway, M. K., Callin, P., James, S., Vimegnon, H., & McCall, L. (2019). Culturally responsive, antiracist, or anti-oppressive? How language matters for school change efforts. Equity & Excellence in Education, 52(4), 485–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2019.1691959

  • In-Text Parenthetical Citation: (Galloway et al., 2019)
  • In-Text Narrative Citation: Galloway et al. (2019) suggests that...

Example: eBooks and Print Books


The only difference between electronic and print book references is that the former has a URL at the end of the citation.

eBook
Seemiller, C., & Grace, M. (2024). Generations in the World of Work. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003541035

  • In-Text Parenthetical Citation: (Seemiller & Grace, 2024).
  • In-Text Narrative Citation:  In their book, Seemier and Grace (2024) offer guidance on...
     

Print Book
Kendi, I.X. (2019). How to be an antiracist. Random House Publishing Group.

  • In-Text Parenthetical Citation: (Kendi, 2019).
  • In-Text Narrative Citation: In the introduction of his book, Kendi (2019) explains...

Example: Podcast Episodes


Thomas, T. (2019, September 23). The short stacks 22: Ibram X. Kendi//How to be an antiracist [Audio podcast]. The Stacks. https://thestackspodcast.com/2019/09/22/ss22/

  • In-Text Parenthetical Citation: (Thomas, 2019).
  • In-Text Narrative Citation: On an episode of her podcast from September 2019, Thomas discusses the book How to be an Antiracist with author and historian Ibbram X. Kendi, who says...

What if I have 2+ citations from the same source and year?


The APA calls these twin citations.  Let's say you have two reports that you downloaded from the Passport database by Euromonitor, and there's no named Analyst/Author for them.  Put a lowercase letter after the year to tell them apart in the References page and in the in-text parenthetical citation:

  • Euromonitor (2025a)
  • Euromonitor (2025b)
  • In-Text Narrative Citation: The market research firm Euromonitor International (2025b), estimates that online retailing will...

Source:  APA (2011, October).  Reference Twins: Or, How to Cite Articles With the Same Authors and Same Year.  APA Style Blog.  

Does this URL look okay?


Business and economic resources (especially commercial databases) may lack stable URLs that you can use in a citation. 

  • Check for a feature called a permalink (short for permanent link).  If there's an icon, it's usually two links in a chain.  Permalink icon showing two segments of chain linked together.
  • No permalink?  Examine the URL: 
    • Does it appear to have a name and/or number that's unique to a specific piece of content? 
    • Does the URL work if you try it in a different browser or in a browser in private/incognito mode?
       
  • If the URL for a database doesn't seem stable, then use the URL provided by the UC Irvine Libraries.

Where can I get more info or help with citations?

Is there software that cites automatically?


Yes!  It's called citation management software (AKA bibliographic management software or BMS).  It helps you create, organize, and manage your citations.  The most well-known software applications, in alphabetical order are:

  • EndNote
  • Mendeley
  • Sciwheel
  • Zotero - It's free and open source, and it has a low learning curve.  

For more info about each application and a comparison chart, visit the Citation Management Software pages on the Citation Styles and Tools guide.  

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