Research Guides: Entrepreneurship: Ratios, Averages, &amp; Benchmarks

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Public company ratios

S&P Capital IQ This link opens in a new window
Downloadable public company ratios and valuation multiples, going back several years. Data available in both quarterly and annual increments. [Global coverage]

Learn this search: Financial ratios

PitchBook This link opens in a new window
Public company profiles include ratios and multiples going back several years. Data available in both quarterly and annual increments. [Global coverage]
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Learn this search: Financial ratios

Value Line Investment Survey *Access Ends 4/25/2025* This link opens in a new window
Public company profiles include ratio and valuation data. [U.S. only coverage]

Learn this Search: Financial Ratios

Industry ratios (averages)

IBISWorld This link opens in a new window
Industry ratios, organized by NAICS code in the US Industry Reports. Current and historical ratio data provided. [U.S. only coverage]

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Learn About ratios, averages, & benchmarks

Financial ratios

A ratio is calculated from two or more figures, usually taken from the financial statements of a company, in order to provide an indication of the financial performance and position of that company. Ratios may be expressed:

as a percentage (e.g., return on capital employed)
in days (e.g., debtor collection period)
as a multiple (e.g., rate of turnover)

Ratios may also be calculated over a period, so as to enable an analysis of trends to be formulated, or compared to other similar companies or industry averages.

Sources:

Other ratios

Every department in every business produces some kind of information that can be used by its manager to measure performance. This information may be related to operational considerations within the department, the financial condition of the entire company, or the performance of a company's suppliers and customers.

Source: Business Ratios and Formulas: A Comprehensive Guide

Ratios vs. averages vs. benchmarks

The words ratios, averages, and benchmarks are sometimes used interchangeably.

Benchmarks: basically, the practice of comparing your company's performance against the average performance of competitors in the same industry.
Averages: basically, the data that results from the averaging (i.e., calculating the mean), of any given ratio(s), across multiple companies operating in the same industry.
If you know the averages for your industry, you can benchmark your company's own ratios against your competition.

Ratio formulas

Can't find a ratio?

Hundreds of ratios exist to describe all nuances of a company's activity.
Databases usually only feature a couple dozen of the most popular ratios.
You may need to manually calculate a ratio if you don't see it in a database's ratio list.

Try the eBook Business Ratios and Formulas: A Comprehensive Guide to find formulas.