Public Health Student Guide

Ratings are based on three broad categories: the legal environment in which media operate, political influences on reporting and access to information, and economic pressures on content and the dissemination of news. From 1980-93, the countries are categorized as "Free," "Partly Free," or "Not Free." From 1994 onwards, both category designations and numerical rating from 0 (the most free) to 100 (the least free) are given.

allows users to go back in time to create and explore the historical layers of city spaces in an interactive, hypermedia environment.

(2000- ) from Committee to Protect Journalist

(1992- ) from Committee to Protect Journalist

It is a simple average of three indicators: percentage of children who reach fifth grade; survival until the fifth year of age (based on mortality among children under five); and percentage of deliveries attended by skilled health personnel.

It is based on 11 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) indicators, grouped in 3 clusters: opportunity, infrastructure and utilization. The 2003 DOI covers 40 countries; subsequent DOI covers over 180 economies.

The HDI is a summary composite index that measures a country's average achievements in three basic aspects of human development:

* Health - measured by life expectancy at birth;
* Knowledge - measured by a combination of the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary gross enrolment ratio;
* Standard of living - measured by GDP per capita (PPP US$).

The Human Development Report Offices strongly advises against constructing HDI trend analysis based on the HDI published in different editions of the Human Development Report. Due to revisions to the data series for some or all of the components of the HDI, changes in the HDI methodology, or variations in the country coverage, the HDI values and rankings presented in the 1990 through 2007/2008 editions of the Human Development Report are not directly comparable. For the most up-to-date HDI trend data based on consistent country coverage, methodology and data, use the table for years 1975,1980,1985,1990,1995,2000,2005.

The HRI assesses and ranks wealthy countries against their commitment to improve the quality and effectivess of their humanitarian assistance. It uses over 50 indicators, organised into five Pillars, which capture the essence of the Principles of Good Humanitarian Donorship, which -- . Responding to humanitarian needs; Supporting local capacity and recovery; Working with humanitarian partners; Promoting standards and enhancing implementation; Learning and accountability.

The ICT-OI uses ten indicators that help measure Information and Communication Technology networks, population education and skills, uptake and intensity of the use of ICT. Is the result of the merger of the ITU's Digital Access Index (DAI) and Orbicom's Digital Divide Index. The ICT-OI and the Digital Opportunity Index illustrate different aspects of the digital divide.

The Prosperity Index ranks 50 (2007) and 104 (2008) nations by how well they are doing the kinds of things necessary to raise GDP (i.e., promoting economic competitiveness) and to raise average subjective wellbeing or life satisfaction (i.e., promoting comparative liveability). It is an index of the drivers of prosperity rather than an index of prosperity outcomes.

It is based on a mixture of hard data and survey data from the annual Executive Opinion Survey.

Lists of countries with the following prison statistics from highest and lowest:

* prison population total,
* prison population rate,
* percentage of pre-trial detainees / remand prisoners within the prison population,
* percentage of female prisoners within the prison population,
* percentage of foreign prisoners within the prison population,
* occupancy rate.